Showing posts with label June Forth. Show all posts
Showing posts with label June Forth. Show all posts

我和八十後的六四二三事


















刊於《藝術觀點》第47期:東亞安那其─藝術行動主義與諸眾的蜂起;2011年7月出版



二○○九年是六四的二十周年,我與一眾友人都感到要為六四 "做點事",於是籌組「P-at-riot:八十後六四文化祭」(後簡稱「文化祭」)。

對應一種長久以來就悼念六四的一種單一與悲情的狀態,文化祭希望開放悼念六四的可能性,強調當年學生那種為社會不公義而站起發聲的精神,聯繫到當下社會的狀態,並藉此實踐/提問年青一代的社會身份和責任。正如絕食書的一句話:「國家是我們的國家,人民是我們的人民,我們不喊,誰喊?」在文化祭中,我們期望藉不同面向的活動,鼓動同代及更年青一代的參與。當中包括藝術展覽,街頭藝術行動,音樂會,野餐讀書會和電影放映會等,提供一些年輕人較容易參與的平台,也期望提供一個軟性的角度,打開認識事情的不同向度。

對於六四,討論的主體往往是由當年親身經歷的一代主導,焦點一般在整個民運的血腥結局上,而每年的燭光晚會的人數代表一定重要性。文化祭以「八十後」(八十年代出生)為出發點,正正期望一種由新世代說出六四的方式。「八十後」作為一條世代經驗的界線,也指出一些特別之處。在六四當年,最大年紀的只有九歲,對六四的印象大都只是模模糊糊,但恰恰是這種「似有還無」,卻帶出傳承與交接的急切感。另一方面,今天的八十後也是二十來歲的年青人,與當年北京的學生相若,但今天國內貪腐問題仍然嚴重,言論自由的打壓變本加厲,身處不同時空,兩代青年可有什麼相互呼應?今日國內的八零後在謊言中成長,對他們而言,重提六四也是不愛國的行為,香港作為中國境內唯一仍能公開大規模悼念六四的地方,兩地八十╱八零後的對照也反映到這城的獨特時空。

翌年,我與友人們創辦了社區藝術空間:「活化廳」,期望實踐一種建立在生活關係上的社區藝術,也思考到結合社區網絡的藝術行動有什麼可能性。我們從收集社區歷史的角度出發,策劃了《六十四件事》這一年,我們更進一步關心「六四」可怎樣傳承:六四如何與一般人產生內聯,建立意義?

我曾與一些八十後的藝術家做了一些訪談,了解「八十後」這一代是怎樣認識六四?又是什麼驅使他們今天為六四站出來發聲?而我發現那些引發我們更有興趣追溯六四的驅動可能就是一首歌,老師說過的一段話,父母某年六四翻看的錄影帶…,一些看似微不足道的故事,卻真實地發生在我們的經驗,緊密地扣連當下的生命。那些人物是曾經與我們相遇,殘留在記憶,即使並不耳聞目視,但重要的是觸碰到今日的追求,但仍被壓抑的價值。因此歷史並非斷裂,而是一個個發生在每個曾經直接間接參與者心中的故事,當中涉及情感的元素,便可以與藝術碰撞和整理。

比如說,六四以後,很多父母當年為初生的孩子,改了些與六四有關的名字,如津津(June)、天安等。但對於廿年後長大成人的津津而言,那種情緒是難以連繫的,但這些隱藏在名字裡的價值,卻不自覺地傳承到下一代人心裡。這些情感隱藏在他們的名字,也隱藏在一些真實的故事中。若歷史的話語權掌握在統治者手裡,而民間就像在歷史的廢墟中,去尋找一些有用的碎片,藝術的角色是提供一個再現這些碎片的線索,讓個人連接過去,兩者產生內在經驗上的關連。

「來往廣場的單車」是我與鐘惠恩在10年共同策劃的一次藝術行動(重申這是藝術行動,而非單車遊行);行動期望在社區中重現港人在六四記憶的一些片段。在六四的眾多符號中,我們選了單車。一般而言,六四的符號總是坦克,軍人,血,都是一些消極的符號,單車卻是一個較少被挪用的,但從六四零零碎碎的片段中,學生騎著自行車穿梭廣場,互通消息,及至後來軍隊進城,學生騎單車運送傷者,單車代表個體,代表青春,輕盈,自主,她們既是分散,也是集合…。而來往廣場,穿梭城市的單車,也隨中國的現代化過程慢慢消失,那又與六四慢慢被政權慢慢清洗似有相連… 因此,這一行動期望在六四當日,於香港重演一幕學生騎著自行車穿過城市的景觀,讓參與者想像當天學生的心情,連結起來重提這城市的過去。另一方面,行動路線途經數個地區,並隱藏著一些快被遺忘的社區歷史,如行動的起點油麻地正是當年於六四後發生一場(相信由左派支持的)暴亂而令到之後的一些悼念活動被迫取消,又或是尖沙咀文化廣場上的雕塑原為紀念六四死難學生,本名為「自由戰士」的雕塑,後被英國政府改為「翱翔的法國人」。與其說是對外的姿態宣示,行動更著重參與者的內在感受,過程中更注重參加者創造的經驗。

直接行動有種回應現狀的迫切性,但也是一種偶發,欠組識,每次重新動員的聚合,這也是行動之為行動的原因。如果只是製造媒體效果,變成一種姿態,所謂行動又改變了什麼?藝術未必對事情構成直接改變,但所謂的改變,正如行動前也不可預測是否必然成功或失敗,而箇中過程與累積下來的討論,才是建立身份認同的基礎。雖是遲緩、間接,但能累積前進,也彌足珍貴。藝術沒有力求改變別人/世界的意圖,開放想像也是一種對管治機器去政治和階化的對抗,而更重要是,藝術讓我們停下來關注當下你我連結的一刻。

《風雨飄搖愛國時 ─ 年青藝術家六四展》展覽筆記


















緣起
風雨飄搖愛國時是一個假正經的玩笑。八九民運期間,中國物價飛漲、官倒橫流,官員貪污腐敗成風,時局飄搖動盪。那時學生因著愛國,跪地請求對話,絕食抗議…二十年後的中國,表面和諧處處,實為言論封鎖,內地同輩在謊言中長大,紀念六四對他們而言可能是講國家是非的不愛國行為。因此,我們談六四或是一個討論何謂愛國的機會。

他們的六四?
紀念六四其實與記憶,或是否親身經歷關係不大。參展者的個人經驗或許是理解他們動機/出發點的切入。其實,重要的是六四如何偷偷溜進我們的故事。這可能是從師長、父母的對話,也可能是一齣戲、一首歌、一段文字…從此觸發他們追尋/傳承的理由。而他們在個人歷史/感受中抽取那一部份去言說,或已代表/提出思考六四的另一角度,或是他們認為如何較有力(有趣?) 地討論六四的形式。

情意結
他們要麼對鎮壓行為痛心,要麼為六四漸漸被淡化而感到傳承的必要,要麼保持暗地關心並保持「不會忘記」的姿態 (但沒有記憶如何忘記)。部份其實,對歷史與自身感受的真空,感到難以名狀(記憶遭到「打格仔」)。但他們總難稱六四為情意結。情意結外,坦克可以不是血腥的符號,而變成悼念六四的蠟燭,可以是打掃民主女神像的樂高積木,他們能以反斗、黑色幽默,但亦認真的態度講述六四。

六四的游離票?
有一部份人,介乎於立場強烈與冷漠之間,他們是六四的游離份子,他們或自覺未身在其中,了解不足而不想選擇表態,又或對六四同樣感受強烈但只願暗自悼念,他們不主動表述亦不抗拒接觸。
但可能這群游離份子才是承傳六四的對象,從而讓討論延續,橫向伸張,被動漸漸成為主動…


(政治議題的) 藝術需要游離嗎?
立場容易隱身於藝術形式,因為她常常是抽象與開放。但我站在一張畫前,我被感動了,那並不是「非此即彼」的感受,也不是嚴謹分析論證的文章論辯可以代替。
兩極化常使事情進入「有嘢講,無偈傾」的局面,但好的作品總邀請我們坐下來傾傾。

愛國/時空
他們或許與廿年前的學生有共通,或許兩者對社會發展的關心差異也不大,只是參與形式的不同。對應正面抗爭的行動,他們則以反諷的話語表達不滿,他們無需不論壇上爭相發言,他們可在個人博客上抒發意見。
(但這是否折射那對政治參與的無力感?我們原來只能發表,但未能動搖政制?可以製造一時的輿論,但難以累積?)

八十後
與出生年份無關,社會中廿多歲的一群,他們的想法總是珍貴。
雖然,他們可能是最後一代對六四尚存零星印象,或仍因成長中不斷接觸中英談判與回歸的恐懼等,而對中共存負面印象,這可能是最後一代對中國身份仍保持「清醒」距離。

展覽的剪報
如果展品是今天年青一代如何理解六四的圖像,展覽展出一系列廿年前的剪報及雜誌,則是一平行對照,讓觀眾身在其中,融入當時的氣氛。


《FENG YU PIAO YAO AI GUO SHI ─ art response to June 4th 20th anniversary》curatorial notes
LEE Chun-Fung

“Feng Yu Piao Yao Ai Guo Shi” (Patriotism in the storms) is an irony which pretended to be serious. During the 1989 democratic movement, great inflation and serious corruption among government officials placed China into a turmoil. Patriotic students kneeled, begged and launched a hunger strike to crave for a chance of conversation. Twenty years have passed and the same piece of land has changed – censorship on expression persists, but the regime has sugared the pill by propagandizing a mirage of a prosperous society. Our mainland counterparts were born and bred in concealments. To some of them, memorial to June 4 is probably an unpatriotic gossip. Discussing June 4 may help us to meditate on the meaning of patriotism.

Their June 4?
To commemorate June 4 is in fact not so directly bonded to firsthand memory and experience. The individual exposure of the artists may act as the trigger for understanding their intentions and starting points. What really matters is how June 4 has subliminally incorporated itself into our sense of meaning and how it constructs its own linkage to our mind and form part of our story. Such linkage may be bonded to our conversations with our teachers and parents, or to one of our favourite movies, songs or articles. This trigger provides the momentum for the artists to start their zealous search for truth or transmission to later generations. The artists extracted this very part of their own history or mentality and voiced out. Their works may represent a new perspective in / throw some light on interpreting June 4 in a more powerful (or interesting) way of discussing the issue in their own sense.

Nostalgia
Some of them respond deeply to the call of the incident. Some reflect that there was a need to pass on as June 4 lingers and fades. Some secretly keep their concern and a “never-forget-always-remember” pose for the issue. (But how can we forget it if we have no firsthand memory at all?) But most of them have been absent from history and internal feelings, finding themselves ambiguous. (Memory in mosaic?) In a nutshell, it’s hard to claim June 4 as a nostalgia or retrospect. Without such nostalgic retrospect, the tank doesn’t look gigantic and fail to trigger a conditional reflex, and can be transformed into a candle in remembrance of June 4, or even a Lego cleaning the Goddess of Liberty. That’s how they exemplify a serious attitude in June 4 discourse with amusements, tricks and black humour.

Do we need floating group of June 4?
We do not need to be overwhelmingly calm, withdrawn or objective in discussing June 4. Yet, we should accept blurriness, which situates in between passion and indifference. A lot of people feel uninvolved and don’t feel like voicing out. They inconspicuously care about the issue. But they don’t take an active role nor oppose a small stray.

Does (political) art need to be “floating”?
It is easy to conceal one’s stance in art, owing to its abstractness and openness. But when I was standing in front of a painting, I was touched. It was not a feeling of “either this or that”, nor could it be replaced by an organized analysis or discourse.
Binarism tends to speak but fails to talk and discuss. But good works of art always invite us to sit down and chat.

Time and space of patriotism
They might be sharing the same genes with the students twenty years ago. Or both groups show little discrepancy on their concern for social development. What marks their difference is their distinctive ways of engaging in the issue. In response and parallel to the direct confrontation, they mocked and expressed their resentment metaphorically. They don’t need to fight for a chance of expression in public forums. They can voice out in their personal blogs.
But does this reflect their inability to take part in politics? Are we just to voice out, but not to overthrow a tyranny or political system? Or are we successful in creating a wave of temporary criticisms, but which are not meant to accumulate and sustain?

Post-80
Regardless of the year of birth, the thoughts of the 20s are always cherished by society.
Although they might be the final generation with scattered pieces of memory of June 4, or the ones bred under the shadow of Sino-British struggles and the once imminent handover, with a negative image of the PRC, probably, they are the last ones kept “alert” to and distanced themselves from the Chinese identity.

The news clippings of the exhibition
If the exhibited works are recording how younger generations today understand June 4, the series of news clippings and magazine 20 years ago exhibited simultaneously must be an exact mirror image. They invited audience to go back to the past and immerse in the atmosphere at that time.